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The history of feminism is the chronological narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women. While feminists around the world have differed in causes, goals, and intentions depending on time, culture, and country, most Western feminist historians assert that all movements that work to obtain women's rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.〔〔〔〔〔 Other historians limit the term to the modern feminist movement and its progeny, and instead use the label "protofeminist" to describe earlier movements.〔 Modern Western feminist history is split into three time periods, or "waves", each with slightly different aims based on prior progress. First-wave feminism of the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on overturning legal inequalities, particularly women's suffrage. Second-wave feminism (1960s–1980s) broadened debate to include cultural inequalities, gender norms, and the role of women in society. Third-wave feminism (1990s–2000s) refers to diverse strains of feminist activity, seen as both a continuation of the second wave and a response to its perceived failures.〔Krolokke, Charlotte and Anne Scott Sorensen, "From Suffragettes to Grrls" in ''Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance'' (Sage, 2005).〕 == Early feminism == (詳細はfeminist movement are sometimes labeled ''protofeminist''.〔 Some scholars, however, criticize this term's usage.〔〔Cott, Nancy F. "What's In a Name? The Limits of ‘Social Feminism’; or, Expanding the Vocabulary of Women's History". ''Journal of American History'' 76 (December 1989): 809–829〕 Some argue that it diminishes the importance of earlier contributions,〔 while others argue that feminism does not have a single, linear history as implied by terms such as ''protofeminist'' or ''postfeminist''. Around 24 centuries ago,〔''The Columbia Encyclopedia'' (Columbia Univ. Press, 5th ed. 1993(ISBN 0-395-62438-X)), entry ''Plato''.〕 Plato, according to Elaine Hoffman Baruch, "() for the total political and sexual equality of women, advocating that they be members of his highest class, ... those who rule and fight".〔Baruch, Elaine Hoffman, ''Women in Men's Utopias'', in Rohrlich, Ruby, & Elaine Hoffman Baruch, eds., ''Women in Search of Utopia'', ''op. cit.'', p. () and see p. 211 (Plato supporting "child care" so women could be soldiers), citing, at p. () n. 1, Plato, trans. Francis MacDonald Cornford, ''The Republic'' (N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1973), Book V.〕 French writer Christine de Pizan (1364 – c. 1430), the author of ''The Book of the City of Ladies'' and ''Epître au Dieu d'Amour'' (''Epistle to the God of Love'') is cited by Simone de Beauvoir as the first woman to denounce misogyny and write about the relation of the sexes. Other early feminist writers include Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi, who worked in the 16th century, and the 17th-century writers Hannah Woolley in England,〔 〕 Juana Inés de la Cruz in Mexico, Marie Le Jars de Gournay, Anne Bradstreet, and François Poullain de la Barre.〔 One of the most important 17th-century feminist writers in the English language was Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.〔(Rosemary. “'The World I Have Made': Margaret Cavendish, feminism and the Blazing World", in Valerie Traub, M. Lindsay Kaplan, and Dympna Callaghan (eds), ''Feminist Readings of Early Modern Culture: Emerging Subjects'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 119-141. )〕〔(Martin Griffiths 31 August 2008. The feminism, fiction, science and philosophy of Margaret Cavendish )〕〔(Lisa T. Sarasohn, "A Science Turned Upside down: Feminism and the Natural Philosophy of Margaret Cavendish". ''Huntington Library Quarterly''. Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1984), pp. 289-307. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「history of feminism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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